This guide consolidates a number of monitoring, evaluation and learning (ME&L) approaches that have been newly developed or contextualized for fragile states and peacebuilding programs. A range of qualitative, quantitative and participatory approaches are included as well as tools for strengthening ME&L systems at the project or organization level. The approaches have come from bilateral and multilateral donors, local and international NGOs, consultants, and university groups from around the globe who were consulted in putting this guide together. Experience suggests that when organizations begin to adapt and use these approaches more systematically they become more successful in improving peoples’ lives in fragile states and conflict prone areas.